Certainty-based Marking (CBM)
Based on strategies developed by Prof. Gardner-Medwin at UCL (London, UK).
The student does not only answer the question, but they also indicate how sure they are they got the question right using a 3-point scale: C=1 (low), C=2 (mid) or C=3 (high). The grading is adjusted by the choice of certainty so that students have to reflect honestly on their own level of knowledge in order to get the best mark. Certainty levels 1, 2, 3 always give students marks 1, 2, or 3 when they are correct. If they are wrong, then unless they opted for C=1 they will lose marks: -2 at C=2 and -6 at C=3.
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